Silicone softeners have occupied an important position in the textile industry since their inception, thanks to their unique softness and smoothness. Over time, in order to meet evolving market demands and environmental requirements, silicone softeners have undergone four significant generations of evolution.

The first generation of silicone softeners was primarily based on polydimethylsiloxane (methyl silicone oil), prepared through mechanical emulsification. Although this softener could provide fabrics with good softness and heat resistance, its molecular chain lacked reactive groups, resulting in weak binding force with fibers and poor washability.

The second generation of silicone softeners introduced hydroxyl groups at both ends of the methyl silicone oil molecular chain, forming hydroxyl silicone oil. Hydroxyl silicone oil can crosslink with fibers, forming a protective film on the fiber surface, thereby enhancing softness and washability. However, the stability of the emulsion was difficult to control, leading to oil floating issues that limited its widespread application.

The third generation of silicone softeners is polyether-modified amino silicone oil, which incorporates polyether segments and amino functional groups into the silicone oil molecules. This not only enhances the softness and smoothness of fabrics but also provides excellent moisture absorption. However, the amino groups are susceptible to oxidation at high temperatures, causing fabric yellowing, and the lack of hydrophilic groups can create a hot and stuffy feeling when worn.

The fourth generation of silicone softeners is represented by block-modified silicone oil, which achieves comprehensive improvements in softness, washability, elasticity, and hydrophilicity by introducing more reactive groups and adopting block copolymerization technology. These softeners form a firm film on the fibers, reducing the friction coefficient between them and meeting users' diverse fabric needs. Additionally, block silicone oil is non-toxic and non-polluting, meeting environmental requirements.

In terms of applications, silicone softeners are widely used in functional finishing of various natural and synthetic fiber fabrics, such as cotton, linen, silk, wool, polyester, nylon, and more. They not only improve the handle of fabrics but also enhance their wearability and added value. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, future developments in silicone softeners will focus more on environmental performance and sustainable development.