Silicone softeners, as an important category of textile auxiliaries, are widely used for their ability to effectively enhance the softness and smoothness of fabrics. The following is a detailed classification of silicone softeners:

I. Non-reactive Silicone Softeners

Non-reactive silicone softeners, also known as the first generation of silicone softeners, are primarily represented by dimethyl silicone oil (DMPS), also known as polydimethylsiloxane. Although these softeners can impart softness and heat resistance to fabrics, due to their low degree of polymerization, they cannot cross-link and do not chemically react with fibers. Therefore, the treated fabrics may not perform well in terms of hand feel, fastness, and elasticity. Non-reactive silicone softeners need to be formulated into emulsions for use to increase washability.II. Reactive Silicone Softeners

Reactive silicone softeners, known as the second generation of silicone softeners, have hydroxyl groups (-OH) introduced at both ends of the linear dimethyl polysiloxane chain, making them hydrophilic. The emulsions made from these softeners, known as silicone hydroxy emulsions, can be used alone or cross-linked with other silicones to form a water-insoluble molecular film on the fibers, thereby imparting waterproof and washable properties to the fabrics. Depending on the type of surfactant, reactive silicone softeners can be classified as cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and composite ionic types, which can be selected based on the fabric type.

III. Modified Silicone Softeners

Modified silicone softeners introduce other reactive groups onto the silicone molecular chain to impart special functions to the fabrics, such as antistatic, oil-repellent, and hydrophilic properties. These softeners not only improve fabric performance but also enable synthetic fabrics to possess the advantages of natural fabrics, making them the third generation of silicone softeners with special functions.

Amino-modified silicone softeners: Enhance the elasticity, washability, and mechanical properties of fabrics, imparting a soft, smooth, and full hand feel. They also have certain anti-wrinkle and shrink-resistant effects. However, they are prone to yellowing under heat or ultraviolet radiation and are not suitable for light-colored fabrics.

Epoxy-modified silicone softeners: Utilize the high reactivity of epoxy groups to cross-link with hydroxyl, amino, and other groups on the fiber surface, forming stable chemical bonds, which赋予 (impart) the fabrics good durability and softness.

In summary, silicone softeners come in a variety of types, each with its own unique characteristics, suitable for different types of fabric finishing needs.

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